The Silk Road Chronology -Silk Road China Tours

By admin
In SilkRoadKnowledge
2016-06-07

The Silk Road Chronology

ca. 250 bce–226 ce
Parthian Empire rules Persia
221 bce
Qin Dynasty unites China
206 bce–220 ce
Han Dynasty rules China
Second century bce to second century ce
Petra ourishes as caravan city
ca. 145 bce
Sima Qian, the grand historian of China, born; Greek authority in Ai Khanoum,
Afghanistan, ends
140–87 bce
Reign of Han emperor Wudi
129 bce
Zhang Qian reaches the court of the Yuezhi on the bank of the Oxus River
ca. 130 bce–300 ce
Kushan Empire rules Afghanistan and extends its territory to India and part of Central
Asia
100–200 bce
Cyzicus travels to India via the Red Sea
Late second and early rst centuries bce
Parthians and Romans vie for Syria
104 bce
General Li Guangli sets off to conquer Dawan so as to obtain its superior horses
64 bce
The Parthians defeat the Seleucid regime
33 bce
Han emperor Yuandi makes peace with the southern Xiongnu and sends Wang
Zhaojun from his palace in Chang’an to be the bride of the chief Huhanxie
30 bce
Egypt becomes a Roman province after the death of Cleopatra, the Ptolemaic queen
ca. 23–79 ce
Pliny the Elder lives
ca. 50
Kushans cross the Hindu Kush Mountains to enter India
Mid-rst century
Periplus of the Red Sea in use as a manual for sailors
First century
Buddhism starts to spread out of India via Afghanistan
76
The Later Han emperor Zhangdi summons all military commanders to return to China
from the Central Asian frontier; Ban Chao decides to remain on frontier
97
Gan Ying, sent by Ban Chao, travels to the coast of the “West Sea”—either the Persian
Gulf or the Mediterranean—but does not reach Rome
First to second centuries
Parthia and India trade with the Romans “at sea”
148
Buddhist preacher An Shigao settles in Luoyang
165
The Romans take over Dura, conferring the name Europus on the city
227
Sassanid Dynasty replaces Parthian rule in southern Mesopotamia
256
Destruction of Dura, a caravan and garrison city
267
Odaenathus, king of Palmyra, successfully pushes back the invasion of the Sassanids
269
Palmyraean army occupies Egypt and a large part of Anatolia; Zenobia declares
Palmyra independent from Rome
272–274
Roman emperor Aurelian sends Roman troops to suppress the rebellion in Palmyra
Later third and early fourth century
Kharoshthi script used in Niya, an oasis in the Takla Makan Desert
Fourth to fth century
Development of the Bamiyan Buddhist complex
366
Creation of the Mogao caves in Dunhuang initiated
399–416
Faxian, accompanied by several monks, travels to India and returns to China
420
Xianbei conquers other petty states of nomadic origin and establishes the Northern
Wei Dynasty
460
Northern Wei emperor initiates creation of huge statues of the Buddha at Yungang
527–565
Justinian I rules
532–537
Byzantine emperor Justinian I builds St. Sophia
589
Sui Dynasty unies China
Early sixth century
The Turks appear on the northern border of China
571
The Turks commission Sogdian chief Maniakh as their ambassador to Byzantium
630
Xuanzang sets off for India from China
650–705
Reign of Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty
651
Arabs conquer Iran
661–750
Umayyad Caliphate establishes the rst Islamic empire, based in Damascus
704
Arab army starts conquest of Central Asia
750–1258
Abbasid Caliphate rules from Baghdad
751
Islamic army battles with Tang army at Talas, Central Asia
786–809
Caliph Harun al-Rashid rules
825–912
Ibn Khordadhbeh, Islamic geographer, lives
ca. 895
Byzantine emperor Leo VI issues The Book of the Eparch to the eparch (mayor) of
Constantinople
969
Bishop Liudprand of Cremona visits Byzantium as an envoy of Otto I of Germany
1055
Seljuk Turks enter Baghdad and control the Abbasid Caliphate
1206
Genghis Khan (b. 1162) is proclaimed ruler of all the Mongols
1271
Khubilai declares himself the Chinese emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
1275–1292
Marco Polo travels in China

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