From Cave 17, Mogao, near Dunhuang, Gansu province, China
Five Dynasties, mid-10th century AD
This painting shows Manjushri, the bodhisattva of wisdom, seated on a lion throne when visiting the sage Vimalakirti. The details - described in the entry on the illustration to the Vimalakirtinirdesha Sutra (see Related Objects) - are known from other popular representations of the subject, which were often placed on the two sides of the entrance at the caves at Mogao.
A large crowd is gathered to hear the debate between Manjushri and Vimalakirti, and, most importantly, in front of Vimalakirti is shown the customary figure of the Chinese emperor wearing a crown and an imperial robe decorated with the sun and moon and dragons. In front of M
R. Whitfield, Art of Central Asia: The Ste-1, vol. 2 (Tokyo, Kodansha International Ltd., 1982-85)
R. Whitfield and A. Farrer, Caves of the thousand Buddhas: (London, The British Museum Press, 1990)